“Also, enzyme …) revealed that emodin significantly reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-…], mediators [prostagladin E(2) (PGE(2)), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-13] and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as an angiogenesis biomarker in … LPS-treated synoviocytes under hypoxia.”
“Consistently, emodin attenuated the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), VEGF , hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α), MMP-1 and MMP-13 at mRNA level in IL-1β and LPS-treated synoviocytes under hypoxia.”