Possible Interaction: Dopamine and Procaine

“Studies in laboratory animals have shown that procaine raises dopamine and serotonin levels in the brain.”

“The inhibition of dopamine uptake by dibucaine, tetracaine, lidocaine, or procaine was characterized by inhibitory constants (KI) of 1.8±0.4 μm, 27±5 μm, 190 μm and 0.5mm, respectively.”

“At a maximum concentration of 100 microM, the ester containing local anesthetics procaine , tetracaine, piperocaine and the amide containing local anesthetic dibucaine and bupivacaine partially inhibited dopamine uptake by 47-70%.”

“ Procaine (10 mM) produced a 6-fold increase in dialysate dopamine while lidocaine (1 mM) produced a reproducible and reversible decrease (30%).”

“These studies provide strong evidence that the three esteratic local anesthetics cocaine, dimethocaine and procaine all increase the synaptic presence of DA , as reflected in increased levels of 3-MT and the ratio of 3-MT to DA, in the striatum, nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex.”

“The levels of dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) in the spinal cord were time-dependently increased after procaine (170 mg/kg, i.p.),”

“Concentrations of dopamine , dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid in the neostriatum were markedly elevated during continuous infusions of procaine or gamma-hydroxybutyric acid.”

“ Procaine induced elevations of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine ; norepinephrine elevation occurred in a few brain parts, whereas serotonin and dopamine levels were elevated in all brain regions.”