Possible Interaction: Dopamine and 4-Hydroxybutyric Acid

“Disulfiram and γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) are used to treat alcohol dependence and may both increase dopamine brain levels and modulate GABAergic transmission.”

“Numerous studies indicate that gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) influences the endogenous dopamine system.”

“ GHBA induced an increase in tyrosine and DA levels at the various ages except at 1 day of postnatal age.”

“In biochemical experiments GHBA in the same dose increased the turnover of brain noradrenaline but decreased the turnover of dopamine.”

“One hour after GHB administration (50 and 100 mg/kg) significant increases of dopamine concentration were observed in the hemispheres with both doses and in the hypothalamus with the higher dose, but a significant decrease of noradrenaline in the hypothalamus.”

“The administration of GHB or its precursor gamma‐butyrolactone for 14 days increased the striatal content of dopamine.”

“The sedative effects of GHB may be due to hypodopaminergic activity from inhibition of dopamine release and a subsequent increase in the intraneuronal dopamine level.”

“Intracerebral administration of GHBA into VTA increased dopamine concentrations in HDB and N. Acc.,”

“Intracerebral injection of GHBA into MZI increased dopamine concentrations in MZI and HDB, but not in cAMY or N. Acc.”

“Both on day 1 and 30, the neuroleptic-induced dopamine release was reversed by gamma-butyrolactone ( gamma-hydroxybutyric acid lactone ), suggesting that this effect is mediated by enhanced neuronal activity.”

“ Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid lactone , an agent known to block impulse flow in dopamine neurons, either prevented when given before neurotensin or reversed neurotensin-induced increases in accumbens dopamine efflux.”

“ GHBA-Na increased and prolongated the depression of the neurons of frontal cortex which was caused by microiontophoretical application of catecholamines: dopamine and norepinephrine.”