Possible Interaction: Disulfiram and Glutathione

“ DSF also reduced the level of glutathione and the production of H2O2 in BCE cells.”

“In the present study, we have shown that exposure of human platelets to disulfiram causes the depletion of platelet GSH and augmentation of mixed disulfides between GSH and protein sulfhydryl groups to form protein-glutathione mixed disulfides (S-glutathionylated proteins).”

“The depletion of platelet GSH and the increase in S-glutathionylated proteins occurred at concentrations of disulfiram that inhibited platelet aggregation, suggesting that protein S-glutathionylation is involved in the inhibition of platelet aggregation caused by disulfiram.”

“Increased levels of GSH may be a protective factor in the red cells of individuals with DS because of the role it has in detoxifying reactive oxygen species.”

“We have found that levels of GSH in children with DS are significantly higher than those in the control children.”

“Thus it is inferred that GR perse do not reduce DS, whereas GSH , as an intermediary metabolite of GR system, brings about non-enzymatic reduction of DS via a sulfhydral group exchange reaction.”

“In both groups, plasma glutathione decreased shortly following ethanol, and a sustained decrease in glutathione was seen in the subjects on disulfiram.”

“Higher reactivity of the thiol group of the enzyme than that of GSH to disulfiram was suggested from the observation that half of the enzyme activity was inhibited when the ratio of disulfiram to GSH was 1:10.”

“The enzyme was rapidly inactivated by disulfiram and the inhibition was protected by reduced glutathione (GSH), in a concentration dependent manner when the enzyme premixed with GSH was reacted with disulfiram.”

“ DSF treatment to osteoblasts reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and exogenous addition of GSH prevented DSF-induced reactive oxygen species generation and osteoblast apoptosis.”

“Chronic administration of disulfiram (DS) to rats was found to affect glutathione (GSH) metabolism.”

“It is reported that the treatment with DS decreases the GSH content, with a concomitant increase in GSSG level, and perturbs the GSH/GSSG redox status, inducing an oxidative stress on the brain.”

“Reduced glutathione was decreased significantly (1.52 +/- 0.3 mumol/g; p < 0.001), with a concomitant increase in oxidised glutathione (GSSG) content (0.12 +/- 0.013 mumol/g; p < 0.001) in the brain as a consequence of DS treatment.”

“Hepatocyte toxicity of DSF was potentiated by diethylmaleate ( GSH depletor ) and inhibited by N-acetylcysteine (GSH biosynthesis precursor).”

“Its effects on the cellular reduced form of glutathione (GSH) were triphasic; GSH decreased instantly after the addition of DSF , returned to subnormal levels within 30 min, and then declined gradually.”

“If rats were fed disulfiram for 6 days (2 g/kg feed), glutathione and glutathione S-transferase were enhanced, and the degree of methylation of guanine by N-nitrosodimethylamine was greatly reduced, as was the metabolism of N-nitrosodimethylamine in the intact animal.”