Possible Interaction: Dinoprostone and Kaempferol

“ Luteolin dose-dependently inhibited the secretion … nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and diminished the levels of mRNA transcripts of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) and pam3CSK-treated macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells without displaying cytotoxicity.”

“ KF suppressed …) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), downregulated the cellular adhesion of U937 cells to fibronectin (FN), neutralized the generation of radicals, and diminished mRNA expression levels of … synthase (iNOS), TNF-α, and cyclooxygenase- (COX-) 2 in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) and sodium nitroprusside- (SNP-) treated RAW264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages.”

“Among these, it was found that luteolin was able to strongly suppress NO and PGE2 production under the same conditions.”

“ Luteolin and kaempferol significantly reduced LPS-induced secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8) and prostaglandins ( PGE2 and PGF2α) in fetal membranes, IL-1β-induced COX-2 gene expression and prostaglandin production in myometrium, and IL-1β-induced MMP-9 activity in amnion and myometrial cells.”

“ Kaempferol inhibited the proliferation of both unstimulated and IL-1β‑stimulated RASFs, as well as the mRNA and protein expression of MMP-1, MMP-3, COX-2 and PGE2 induced by IL-1β.”

“These results indicate that kaempferol inhibits synovial fibroblast proliferation, as well as the production of and MMPs, COX‑2 and PGE2 , which is involved in articular inflammation and destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).”

“Cyanidin and kaempferol at 1 microM reduced the level of PGE2 in LNCaP cell cultures and also attenuated the effect of arachidonic acid on increasing the amount of PGE2.”

“At a concentration of 10(-4) M, kaempferol inhibited prostaglandin E2 production by 95%.”

“ Kaempferol decreased the concentration of prostaglandin E2.”

“In this study, luteolin considerably reduced the IL-1β-induced production of NO, PGE2 , TNF-α, MMP-2, MMP-8 and MMP-9 and the expression of COX-2, iNOS, MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-13.”

“Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis (LC-MS/MS) demonstrated that 1 g of ILE contains 27 mg of kaempferol, ….3 mg of vanillic acid, and 21 mg of combined amount of isoquercetin and hyperin, among which isoquercetin and kaempferol significantly suppressed IL-6, IL-1β, and PGE2 production.”

“Results Kaempferol treatment (up to 100 μM) in a concentration-dependent way caused reduction in the interleukin-1β-stimulated formations of PGE2 and NO.”