“On … hand l-carnitine , in association with the mitochondrial cardiolipins, inhibits myopathy … continued prescription of drugs [AZT (zidovudine), ddl ( didanoside ), or ddC (zalcitabine)], and the redox couple of α-lipoic-dihydrolipoic acid prevents production of … reactive oxygen species that trigger apoptosis of infected cells, with sphingomyelin breakdown to ceramides.”