Possible Interaction: Dextroamphetamine and Norepinephrine

“ D-amphetamine acts primarily to increase the concentrations of synaptic dopamine and norepinephrine.”

“An acute dose of (+)-amphetamine (15 mg/kg) decreased endogenous levels of DA and NE ; normal levels of DA were detected with chronic drug treatment and during withdrawal, with NE remaining slightly depressed.”

“Those in highest use are (1) methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine , which nonselectively block reuptake of both dopamine and norepinephrine ; and (2) L-dopa, the dopamine precursor, and bromocriptine, the dopamine (D2) receptor agonist.”

“ Norepinephrine (NE) in the brain stem and hypothalamus is reduced by d-amphetamine but THC has no effect on the concentration of this monoamine.”

“ d-Amphetamine is markedly more potent an inhibitor of catecholamine uptake by norepinephrine neurons in the brain than is 1-amphetamine, whereas the two isomers are equally active in inhibiting catecholamine uptake by the dopamine neurons of the corpus striatum.”

“In addition to inhibiting the reuptake of DA and NA, d-amphetamine has also an effect in promoting the release of these neurotransmitters by being taken up into neuronal cells and then acting on the vesicular monoamine transporter.”

“ d-Amphetamine selectively promotes release of both dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) versus serotonin (5HT), and chronic d-amphetamine treatment decreases cocaine-taking behavior in rats, nonhuman primates, and humans.”

“ D-amphetamine was more potent than L-amphetamine at inhibiting accumulation of DA or NA in synaptosomes and vesicles.”

“First, after repeated d-amphetamine injections, a d-amphetamine challenge induces a dramatic increase in cortical extracellular norepinephrine ( NE ) levels.”

“ (+)-amphetamine competitively inhibited the ATP-magnesium-dependent uptake of dopamine and noradrenaline.”