Possible Interaction: Cyclophosphamide and Beta Carotene

“Synergism has also been demonstrated between beta carotene and anticancer alkylating agents such as melphalan and cyclophosphamide.”

“The data obtained show a statistically significant decrease in the frequency of micronuclei (MN) induced by CPA when the cells were treated with beta-carotene , for all treatments, and no effect of this provitamin on the clastogenicity of MMC was found.”

“The … CP was strongly …- and beta-carotene , canthaxanthin, and retinol (ID50-values: 67-112 nmol ml-1 top agar, 50-63% maximum inhibition at 1 micromol ml-1 …), moderately by beta-cryptoxanthin, and lutein (45% and 28%, respectively), and only marginally or, not at all, by all remaining carotenoids.”

“In this case, BC at the dose of 0.15-15 mg/kg statistically significantly reduced the clastogenicity of DN at all doses used, and of CPA at doses of 1.5 and 15 mg/kg.”

“The inhibitory effects of beta-carotene on cyclophosphamide (CPA)-induced chromosomal aberrations in mouse bone marrow cells were investigated.”

“The results showed that beta-carotene was effective in reducing chromosomal damage induced by CPA with the increase of its concentration up to a level after which this effect was not observed.”

“This anticlastogenicity was better detected when the cells were fixed at 32 h, although a … the CPA clastogenicity was already observed at 16 and 24 h. Our results suggest that beta-carotene provides significant … genotoxicity of CPA , although no dose-effect relationship on … cells with chromosomal aberrations was observed.”

“This antagonistic response indicates anticlastogenic activity of BC against CP.”

“Data obtained confirm that beta-carotene is able to prevent mutagenic activity of cyclophosphamide by interfering with its metabolic activation but failed to inhibit the interaction of genotoxic compounds with bacterial DNA.”

“On the other hand, inhibition of CP in vitro mutagenicity was observed by adding increasing amounts of beta-carotene (beta-C) to the system.”

“These data show that beta-carotene partially inhibits, in vitro and in vivo, CP metabolism via hepatic mixed-function oxidase enzymes to mutagenic species.”