Possible Interaction: Cupric Cation and Ferrous

“We propose that GHK Cu(II) binds to the channels of ferritin involved in iron release and physically prevents the release of Fe(II).”

“ Cu(II) enhanced the oxygen activation by Fe(II ) to increase the yield of oxidants.”

“Moreover, the violent reaction between adsorbed Fe(II) and Cu(II) leads to the decreased concentration of the active Fe(II) species (T1), further inhibiting reactions between Fe(II) and iron (hydr)oxides and decelerating the phase transformation of iron (hydr)oxides (T1).”

“Addition of Cu(II) increased the toxicity of Co(II) and Ni(II); in contrast, Ni(II) toxicity was diminished in the presence of Fe(II).”

“We found that Fe(II) and Cu(II) act synergistically to delay anaerobic growth at environmentally relevant metal concentrations.”

“In addition, the concentration of Fe(II ) in GR was observed to linearly decrease with concentration of Cu(II) added.”

“The dechlorination efficiency of CCl4 by Fe(II ) increased with increasing Cu(II) concentrations over the range of 0.2-0.5 mM and then decreased at high Cu(II) concentrations.”

“X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses showed that Cu(II) can react with Fe(II ) to produce different morphologies of ferric oxides and subsequently accelerate the dechlorination rate of CCl4 at a high Fe(II) concentration.”