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“ Glutamine significantly increased the urine levels of acetamide, acetate, citrulline, creatinine , and methymalonate, and decreased the urine levels of ethanol and formate (p < 0.05).”
“In vivo, glutamine significantly reduced the increase in urea, creatinine , γ-GT, AST, produced by renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), suggesting an improvement in both renal function and injury.”