“ Tramadol … creatine kinase-MB, troponin I, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, and a significant decrease in total antioxidant capacity with histological alterations in sections … proteins (IFPs) {desmin, vimentin, connexin43} gene expression, mean area% of elastic fibers in aortic tissue and osteopontin expression in cardiac and aortic tissue.”