Possible Interaction: Creatine and Creatine Monohydrate

“The fractional and absolute rate of synthesis of creatine was significantly decreased by supplemental creatine.”

“Total creatine content was significantly elevated after the Cr-mH supplementation period as compared to placebo in each of the studies.”

“Sprint-power test times were significantly improved after creatine-monohydrate supplementation (2.7 +/- 0.4 vs. 2.2 +/- 0.5 s; p < .05) as well as vertical jump height (49.2 +/- 5.9 vs. 55.1 +/- 6.3 cm; p < .05) in creatine trial.”

“Our results suggest that, while CrS elevates the intramuscular stores of free creatine , this does not have an ergogenic effect on 4 × 20 s all-out cycle sprints with intervening 20-s rest periods.”

“The daily oral ingestion of supplementary creatine monohydrate can substantially elevate the creatine content of human skeletal muscle.”

“The use of creatine supplements to increase muscle creatine content above ~20 mmol/kg dry muscle mass leads to improvements in high-intensity, intermittent high-intensity and even endurance exercise (mainly in nonweightbearing endurance activities).”

“Moreover, CMH and GAA supplementation increased the concentrations of creatine and phosphocreatine and the mRNA expressions of guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase and creatine transporter in longissimus dorsi muscle, semitendinosus muscle, liver, or kidneys and decreased the mRNA expressions of arginine:glycine amidinotransferase in kidneys.”

“Dietary supplementation with 1,200 mg/kg CMH increased the concentrations of Cr and PCr in PM muscle, and Cr in TA muscle than those in the 3-h transport group (P < 0.05).”

“ Oral creatine supplementation significantly increased brain concentrations of creatine and ATP to wild‐type control levels, exerting a neuroprotective effect.”

“Our results suggest that the oral bioavailability of CM is less than complete and subject to dose and that further examination of improved dosage formulations of creatine is warranted.”