Possible Interaction: Copper and Norepinephrine

“… norepinephrine [7.39 +/- 1.18 (Cu) vs. 5.14 +/- 1.06 (C) nmol/l], epinephrine (1.69 +/- 0.33 vs 0.87 +/- 0.16 nmol/….5 +/- 4.7 mU/l), and adrenocorticotropin hormone (11.3 +/- 1.3 vs. 5.5 +/- 0.7 pmol/l) attained higher values in Cu …).”

“ Copper contributes to regulating zebrafish rest–activity cycles through the locus coeruleus system by modulating the biosynthesis of norepinephrine ; brain copper deficiency leads to lower levels of both synaptic norepinephrine and daytime activity.”

“In wildtype mice, Cu supplementation during development caused a significant decline in dopamine and norepinepherine in the midbrain and dopamine in the frontal cortex.”

“With doses larger than 3 mg/kg the copper content was higher when measured 30 … of the metal and was depleted to near control values after 6 h. Copper ions in doses of 3, 5 and …/kg increased dopamine and decreased noradrenaline cntents of the hypothalamus … non‐linear fashion.”

“ CU 32-085 and bromocriptine reduced the pressor effect of adrenaline, noradrenaline and methoxamine and the hypotensive action of clonidine.”

“Combined exposure of Mn and Cu also produced a greater elevation in the levels of dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine ( NE ) and a depression of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the brain of animals fed with a 10% casein diet compared to the animals receiving the 21% casein diet.”

“ Copper moved the PGI2 dose-response curve against noradrenaline in parallel to the left, suggesting that the two were interacting at some point.”

“Both copper and plastic IUDs markedly reduced the NE content in the uterus, but not in the oviduct, within 1 week after insertion.”

“In other experiments, Cu 2 + stimulated the rates of autoxidation of dopamine and norepinephrine as well as the neurotoxic agents 6-aminodopamine, 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine and 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine.”