Possible Interaction: Copper and Melatonin

“Excess of copper exacerbates the deficiency of zinc, melatonin and CoQ10 typically low in migraineurs.”

“ Melatonin improves the intramitochondrial antioxidative defense by enhancing reduced glutathione levels and inducing glutathione peroxidase and Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) in the matrix and Cu ,Zn-SOD in the intermembrane space.”

“Vitamin E and melatonin can prevent the majority of metal-mediated (iron, copper , cadmium) damage both in vitro systems and in metal-loaded animals.”

“ Melatonin also prevents poisoning by such elements like chromium (III) and (VI), iron and copper , through levelling toxic actions of these ions on organism.”

“But when present during the incubation of LDL with copper, melatonin attenuated in a concentration‐dependent manner the degradation of PC to LysPC.”

“However, when present during incubation, melatonin (0.125–4 mM) inhibited in a concentration‐dependent manner the increase in electrophoretic mobility, decrease in immunoreactivity of LDL, and increase in formation of TBARS caused by either copper or AAPH.”

“Surprisingly, we found that melatonin paradoxically enhanced ROS formation in a redox system containing low concentrations of copper and quercetin (Que) or (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), due to reduction of cupric to cuprous ion by melatonin.”

“When melatonin was added to a system containing high concentrations of copper and Que or EGCG, it diminished hydroxyl radical formation as expected.”

“ Melatonin abolished these changes and also prevented the reduction of Cu ,Zn‐SOD (−33%), cytosolic GPx (−30%), and mitochondrial GPx (−47%) liver protein content as measured by Western blot.”

“ Melatonin administered to BDL‐untreated rats increased the hepatic Se‐GSH‐Px activity at both doses and the hepatic activities of Cu ,Zn‐ and Mn‐superoxide dismutases at the higher dose.”

“ Melatonin could prevent copper-induced neuronal and cellular damage through binding with copper and preventing copper-induced free radical generation.”

“ Melatonin when coadministered with copper appears to prevent the N-acetyltransferase inhibition by copper.”

“Electron micrographs of in vivo administered Cu2+ and melatonin show that melatonin affords some protection to rat hepatocytes in the presence of copper.”