Possible Interaction: Copper and Ammonium Tetrathiomolybdate

“ TM increases Cu excretion significantly (P<0.05 in Group A and P<0.01 in Group B) in bile with only a slight increase in urinary Cu whereas PEN increases Cu excretion significantly (P<0.01) in urine.”

“ TM , EDTA, PEN, BAL and DDC adminstration increased Cu excretion via bile and urine by 254, 11, 266, 46 and 16%, respectively in Group A sheep, and by 354, 13, 196, 20 and (-) 31% in Group B sheep.”

“The copper chelator tetrathiomolybdate TM ), which quickly and effectively depletes copper stores , is under investigation as an anti-angiogenic agent.”

“The copper chelator tetrathiomolybdate TM ), which quickly and effectively depletes copper stores , is under investigation as an anti-angiogenic agent.”

“ Cu in Cu-containing enzymes such as Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) in liver and ceruloplasmin (Cp) in plasma was decreased by excessive thiomolybdates , the Cu being found in the plasma in the form of a Cu/thiomolybdate/albumin complex.”

“The decreased amounts of Cu in SOD and Cp were explained by the sequestration of Cu from their chaperones by thiomolybdates rather than the direct removal of Cu from the enzymes.”

“ Copper also activated the redox-sensitive transcription factors, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1), which was inhibited by pretreatment of the cells with TTM.”

“We have previously shown that tetrathiomolybdate TM ) is a potent chelator of copper and it mediates its anti-tumor effects by suppressing tumor angiogenesis.”

“We then discuss new areas of anticopper therapy, lowering copper availability with tetrathiomolybdate as a therapy in fibrotic, inflammatory, and autoimmune disorders.”

“This could be explained by the lower copper availability in tetrathiomolybdate‐treated mice , which would reduce macrophages' action against the pathogen.”

“CONCLUSIONS: The use of rates of change in liver copper concentrations improved the assessment of efficacy for two parental copper supplements and that of pre-treatment with tetrathiomolybdate , which, contrary to expectation, slowed Cu turnover by mechanisms that remain unclear.”

“We found that 10-week treatment of apoE-/- mice with TTM (33-66 ppm in the diet) reduced serum levels of the copper-containing protein , ceruloplasmin, by 47%, and serum iron by 26%.”