Temporal concordance of cocaine effects on mood states and neuroendocrine hormones

The temporal concordance between cocaine-induced stimulation of ACTH,

 and subjective euphoria suggests that these hormonal changes are significant concomitants of the abuse-related effects of 

Intravenous cocaine increases plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine in humans

 and norepinephrine concentrations were significantly increased in response to 

Cocaine and adrenaline: a safe or necessary combination in the nose? A study to determine the effect of adrenaline on the absorption and adverse side effects of cocaine.

 significantly reduced the systemic absorption of 

 during surgery but caused no significant increase in toxic cardiovascular effects compared with the use of cocaine alone.

Cocaine and oral health

 increases the risk of a medical emergency during dental treatment, especially when 

 local anaesthetics or retraction cords are used.

Effect of cocaine on cardiac automaticity in the dog.

Usage of Epinephrine Mixed With Lidocaine in Plastic Surgery.

 prolonged the local anesthetic effects of 

[Megacolon and sigmoid volvulus: incidence and physiopathology].

 and noradrenaline degradation by mean of monoamine oxidase inactivation.

High-sensitive troponin T levels and complex coronary lesions.

Patients at higher risk for serious adverse effects from

 are those with comorbidities such as underlying heart disease and those taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, antiarrhythmics, and 

Cocaine-associated acute severe hyponatremia.

 is an indirect sympathomimetic agent that acts in the nervous system to block the presynaptic reuptake of serotonin and catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine and 

) and to increase their bioavailability at the post-synaptic receptors.

Severe hypersomnolence associated with periodic limb movements and central sleep apnea in a cocaine addicted HIV patient.

 and amphetamines potentiate the effect of 

 and norepinephrine on the brain and act as stimulants.

Cocaine abuse: orofacial manifestations and implications for dental treatment.

 may also increase medical risks during dental treatment, especially when local anaesthetics with 

 or epinephrine-impregnated retraction cords are used.

Prolonged perioperative myocardial ischemia in a young male: due to topical intranasal cocaine?

After extensive investigation to rule out other causes of ischemia, we considered cardiotoxicity due to intranasally administered

Accurate measurement of dose and patience are important

EDITOR,--K E A Nicholson and J E G Rogers's lesson of the week about arrhythmias associated with the use of

 paste1 is bound to fuel the controversy surrounding the use of these two drugs in sinonasal surgery.

Combination is still widely used

 is a controversial issue among otolaryngologists.1 In 1991 the British Association of Otolaryngologists—Head and Neck Surgeons surveyed all consultant surgeons who … without adrenaline, 19.5% used cocaine and adrenaline, and 17% used cocaine with and without adrenaline.2 Of the 312 who used cocaine, …

Bite guard for laryngeal mask airway

 enhances the cardiotoxicity of the latter [3, 41.

Cocaine dosage in rhinosurgery

Brain, lung, and cardiovascular interactions with cocaine and cocaine-induced catecholamine effects.

 has been shown to alter circulating levels of the neurotransmitters, dopamine, norepinephrine, 

, as well as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hormones corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and cortisol.

Ventricular fibrillation following local application of cocaine and epinephrine for nasal surgery.

The cardiac risk of the combined administration of

 during general anesthesia are discussed.

Comparison of cocaine alone or with adrenaline on nasal mucosal blood flow.

The results show an average fall in blood flow of 76.7 per cent for

, compared to 61.2 per cent with cocaine alone.

Duplicate markings on an epidural catheter

,“ however, this further increases circulating catecholamines and increases the potential for tachyarrhythmias, especially in the presence of halothane anaesthesia.6 In one study, intranasally … likely therefore that ventricular fibrillation in this case was caused by sympathomimetic substances in the presence of halothane anaesthesia during a stimulating procedure.

Intranasal cocaine/adrenaline during halothane anaesthesia

 is widely considered to be a potentially dangerous mixture.

Cocaine Uses and Abuses

Cardiovascular toxicity appears at higher dosages (such as with ingestion for concealment during smuggling) or when

Adrenoreceptors in the human penis.

 and guanethidine enhanced the motor response to 

, noradrenaline and phenylephrine while the action of dopamine was blocked by these two drugs.

PRESSOR EFFECTS OF ADRENALINE, NORADRENALINE AND REFLEX VASOCONSTRICTION SENSITISED BY LOW CONCENTRATIONS OF GANGLION BLOCKING DRUGS

These concentrations of ganglion blocking drug increase the uptake of noradrenaline by the adrenal medulla, increase the total amine and the proportion of it … gland, fail to antagonise adrenal medullary depletion of catecholamine by reserpine and can reverse a pre‐existing potentiation of the pressor effects of

The effect of cocaine and of pretreatment with reserpine on the uptake of tyramine-2-C14 and DL-epinephrine-2-C14 into heart and spleen.

 caused a higher level of radioactivity in plasma than in control preparations; this was associated with an increased pressor response.

A study of the interactions of hexyl-cyclohexylethylamine (hecylamine), ephedrine, cocaine and catecholamines.

Ephedrine potentiates all 4 catecholamines to the same degree but

 to a lesser degree than it does the other 3.

Mechanism of the positive inotropic response to certain ganglionic stimulants.

 and ephedrine inhibit the positive inotropic response of the atropinized papillary muscle of the cat to either TMA or 

The effect of phenylephrine, methamphetamine, cocaine, and serotonin upon the adrenaline-sensitive component of the reticular activating system.

 EEG activation ten-fold or more, and in large enough cumulative doses produced a sustained EEG activation which was abolished by further destruction of the mesencephalic tegmentum.

On the mechanism of adrenaline-potentiating action of cocaine.

As above mentioned, the fate of adrenaline in vivo is very complicated, and the experimental evidences are not yet sufficient to show how

 enhances the sensitivity of adrenergic effector systems, or protects the autoxidation of 

 or increases the permeability of sympathetically innervated cells, , thus favoring the entrance of stimulating agents.

 potentiates the responses of sympathetically innervated organs to 

, sympathin, and to sympathetic nerve stimulation.

Recently, with the advance in the study of metabolism of adrenaline, it has been suggested that the potentiating action of

 is due to inhibition of the enzymatic systems which inactivate 

Since Gaddum (11) has explained the ephedrine potentiation to adrenaline by inhibition of amine oxidase, MacGregor (12), Tripot (13) and Philpot (14) have extended Gaddum's hypothesis, and have proved that not only ephedrine but also

 and other local anesthetics inhibit the action of enzymes which inactivate 

Adrenalectomy prevents behavioural sensitisation of mice to cocaine in a genotype-dependent manner

 hormones facilitate behavioural sensitisation to 

 in a genotype-dependent manner and suggest that glucocorticoids contribute to strain differences in psychostimulant sensitivity.

The effects of cocaine in the production of cardiovascular anomalies inβ-Adrenoreceptor stimulated chick embryos

 and norepinephrine in terms of aortic arch malformation in embryonic chicks.

The termination of action of catecholamines in the isolated venous tissue of the dog

Inhibitors of catechol-O-methyltransferase (tropolone), monoamine oxidase (iproniazid) or neuronal uptake 

 and imipramine-N-oxide) slowed the relaxation rate of strips contracted by noradrenaline or 

 (10−5 and 10−6 M) and immersed in oil.

Dopamine and adrenaline, but not isoprenaline, are substrates for uptake and metabolism in isolated perfused lungs of rats

In lung preparations in which COMT … of 3H-labelled dopamine,

 (10 or 100 μmol/l) The rank order of the Km values of the amines that were … lungs were: dopamine (0.246 μmol/l) < noradrenaline (0.967 μmol/l) < adrenaline (3.32 μmol/l).

Post-natal development modulates the rat seminal vesicle sensitivity to sympathomimetic agonists

, a neuronal uptake inhibitor, induced supersensitivity to 

 at all ages, but did not affect the sensitivity to methoxamine.

 was increased during sexual development.

Qualitatively different response of isolated rabbit aorta to methylene blue administered from intimal and adventitial surface.

 (100 microM) potentiated the contractile response to 

 also potentiated the contractile response to high concentration of 

 administered from intimal surface, while the drug reduced the contractile response to low concentration of epinephrine.

Possible novel pharmacodynamic action of cocaine: Cardiovascular and behavioral evidence

 (3 mg/kg) and GBR 12,909 (1 mg/kg) increased plasma norepinephrine and 

Co-released adrenaline markedly facilitates noradrenaline overflow through prejunctional beta 2-adrenoceptors during swimming exercise.

 (2.5 mg/kg plus 0.05 mg/kg/min), infused together with 

 and continued throughout the experiment, prevented the exercise-induced release of adrenaline and no increase in plasma noradrenaline concentration was observed.

Involvement of monoamine uptake inhibition and local anesthesia in the cardiovascular response to cocaine in conscious rabbits.

 (5 mg kg-1) increased sympathetic nerve activity, blood pressure and the plasma norepinephrine and 

Role of the Sympathoadrenal Axis in the Cardiovascular Response to Cocaine in Conscious Unrestrained Rats

Cocaine: cardiovascular effects in relation to inhibition of peripheral neuronal monoamine uptake and central stimulation of the sympathoadrenal system.

 (3 mg/kg), but not by nisoxetine (1 mg/kg).

Strong activation of vascular prejunctional beta 2-adrenoceptors in freely moving rats by adrenaline released as a co-transmitter.

 (2.5 mg/kg plus 0.05 mg/kg per min) infused together with 

 prevented the evoked release of adrenaline and no facilitation of the stimulus-induced noradrenaline overflow occurred.

In vitro denervation of the rat vas deferens through hypothermic storage

4 A loss of neuronal uptake capacity was indicated by: (a) a progressive variation of the apparent affinity for adrenaline, expressed as pD2 … about 1.5 log units (corresponding to a 30 fold potentiation) after 72 h, and (b) a reduction of the ability of

Cocaine directly augments the alpha-adrenergic contractile response of the pregnant rabbit uterus.

 alone produced no contractions, but increased the 

 sensitivity by 51% and the maximal response by 33%.

Cocaine and lidocaine interfere with epinephrine-induced changes in intracellular calcium concentration and glucose efflux from rat hepatocytes.

Taken together, these results indicate that

 to stimulate glucose efflux by interfering with the Ca2(+)-mediated, and not the cAMP-mediated intracellular pathway.

Effect of chronic cocaine administration and cocaine withdrawal on coronary flow rate and heart rate responses to epinephrine and cocaine in isolated perfused rat hearts.

) hearts were significantly less sensitive to the chronotropic effects of 

 than control (C) or withdrawal (CW) hearts.

 markedly decreased CFR in all groups, particularly in CW hearts.

In addition, cocaine produces only minor decrements in coronary flow in the rat heart, while

A pitfall in the xanthine oxidase hypothesis

The influence of amine metabolizing enzymes on the pharmacology of tyramine in the isolated perfused mesenteric arterial bed of the rat

 (3 μm) significantly potentiated the responses to 

Greater activation of smooth muscle alpha-2 adrenoceptors by epinephrine in distal than in proximal segments of rat tail artery.

 and NOR to a greater extent in proximal than in distal segments.

Effect of epinephrine on norepinephrine release from rat kidney during sympathetic nerve stimulation.

, phentolamine and corticosterone it caused a slight but significant increase in the stimulus-induced release of [3H]norepinephrine; the highest concentration (10(-7)M) still caused a decrease in the [3H]norepinephrine release.

 (10(-10)-10(-7)M), was perfused through the kidney in the presence of 

, it caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of the stimulus-induced release of [3H]norepinephrine release elicited during periarterial nerve stimulation.

Stereoselectivity of catecholamines: differential effects of cocaine and desipramine on catecholamine‐induced contractions of the rat isolated vas deferens

 (10−6 M) significantly potentiated all six agonists; the effect was most marked for the laevo‐isomers (‐)‐noradrenaline and 

[Pharmacological studies on supersensitization. V. Augmentation of pressor response to catecholamine induced by N, N-dimethylethylenediamines (author's transl)].

In pithed rats, tripelennamine, I, II and

 also augmented pressor response induced by 

Centrally mediated release by cocaine of endogenous epinephrine and norepinephrine from the sympathoadrenal medullary system of unanesthetized rats.

Administration, via the arterial catheter, of

 (0.4-10 mg/kg) produced dose-related increases in NE (0.59 +/- 0.03 to 1.58 +/- 0.34 ng/ml) and 

The effects of drugs and denervation on removal and accumulation of adrenaline in the perfused hind-limb of the dog.

 was significantly reduced by pretreatment with cortexone, 

, phenoxybenzamine and reserpine or by surgical denervation of the limb; enzymatic inhibition by iproniazid or U-0521 had no significant effect on removal.

The discovery of uptake of adrenaline in 1930–1933 and the development of the adrenergic fibre from a cholinergic fibre

It had been shown by Frohlich & Loewi (1910) that the pressor action of

, but in 1926 Tainter & Chang showed that the pressor action of tyramine was abolished by cocaine.

Nature of neuronal uptake and noradrenaline--adrenaline effects in the isolated rat vas deferens.

In this study we show that uptake inhibition by

, amantadine and desmethylimipramine induces increases in sensitivity that are greater for 

Immobilized catecholamine and cocaine effects on contractility of cardiac muscle.

 potentiates the action of immobilized norepinephrine, isoproterenol, and 

The Effect of Cocaine on the Relative Chronotropic Potencies of Sympathomimetics 1

This change in the order of relative potencies is due to the fact that in the presence of

 are reduced while the ED50 of Iso remains the same.

Adrenoreceptors in the cardiovascular system of the domestic fowl.

Reserpine pretreatment did not abolish the responses of perfused hearts to tyramine but hastened the development of tachyphylaxis, while

 increased the duration but reduced the intensity of 

Mechanism of cocaine potentiation of responses to amines

 both potentiated responses to noradrenaline, 

 and phenylephrine and slowed their inactivation, the correlation between these two parameters under various experimental conditions was poor, and in all cases the delay in intrinsic inactivation was inadequate to account for the observed potentiation.

Reversal by pronethalol of dibenamine blockade: a study on the seminal vesicle of the guinea‐pig

, noradrenaline and phenylephrine and reduced those of dopamine.

Contraction of rat vas deferens by cocaine

In some preparations spontaneous activity was troublesome with high doses of noradrenaline or

 was added, and was intensified by the addition of cocaine.

THE CORRELATION OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN PHARMACODYNAMICS

Effects of cocaine and antidepressant drugs on the nictitating membrane of the cat.

, imipramine and pipradol potentiated the contractions to 

 and noradrenaline, but not to tyramine, on the nictitating membrane of the spinal cat.

Patient perceptions of the use of cocaine in sinonasal surgery

, lowering the solution's toxicity while simultaneously offering more significant local vasoconstriction (3).

Cocaine-Induced Headache: A Review of Pathogenesis, Presentation, Diagnosis, and Management

 causes vasoconstriction by stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system and decreases the reuptake of 

, norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine.

INFLUENCE OF COCAINE AND OF PRETREATMENT WITH RESERPINE ON THE PRESSOR EFFECT AND THE TISSUE UPTAKE OF INJECTED DL-CATECHOLAMINES-2-H3.

 also decreased the tissue level of both radioactivity and H3-catecholamine, more so for norepinephrine than for 

THE INFLUENCE OF COCAINE ON SOME METABOLIC EFFECTS AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF CATECHOLAMINES.

Tachyphylaxis to Epinephrine and Its Modification by Cocaine.∗

 very significantly accelerates the development of tachyphylaxis to 

Effect of Cocaine on the Disposition of Noradrenaline labelled with Tritium

, noradrenaline and sympathetic nerve stimulation, and several explanations have been offered for this.

 might act by preventing the destruction of 

, or of transmitter substance released from adrenergic nerves, and Torda2 and Trendelenburg3 obtained evidence in support of this hypothesis.

Further studies on the effects of ephedrine in the presence of cocaine.

This indicates that the theory of Gaddum and Kwiatkowski (9) that the action of ephedrine is mediated chiefly through the presence of epinephrine cannot be demonstrated here, since

An analysis of the effect of cocaine on the actions of adrenaline and tyramine

Frohlich and Loewi [1910], however, showed that the pressor action of a given dose of

, while one of us, working with Chang [Tainter and Chang, 1926], showed that the pressor action of tyramine was usually abolished and always diminished by cocaine.

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Possible Interaction: Cocaine and Epinephrine

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Cocaine

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Research Papers that Mention the Interaction