Possible Interaction: Cobalt and Iron, Dietary

“In milk-based formulas, cobalt and nickel concentrations were statistically higher in those fortified with iron.”

“Here, however, it can be argued that the inorganic chemistry of cobalt is significantly different from that of iron and that one would expect a superoxide structure with the former and not with the latter metal.”

“Women with higher iron decreases between both trimesters had significant cobalt increases between these two periods.”

“Further investigation demonstrated that in A549 cells, the increase in H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 by cobalt ions exposure was probably through enhancing histone methylation …, whereas cobalt ions increased H3K9me3 and H3K36me3 by directly inhibiting JMJD2A demethylase activity in vitro, which was probably due to the competition of cobalt ions … iron ….”

“Epo induction by cobalt was inversely related to iron concentration in the medium, indicating competition between the two metals.”

“Except in the production of cobalt powders, these activities involve exposure not only to cobalt but also to other substances such as tungsten carbide, iron and diamond which may modulate the biological reactivity of cobalt.”

“Analysis according to the allosteric model of Monod et al. (1965) indicates that the metal substitution of cobalt for iron causes a drastic shift of the allosteric equilibrium towards the R structure and an increase of the oxygen affinity of the T structure.”

“The mode of action of cobalt is not clear 3 but there may be a synergistic effect with iron.”

“A direct correlation was present between the absorption of iron and cobalt in both the control subjects and patients with liver disease.”

“A direct correlation was observed between the absorption of iron and cobalt in the control and iron-deficient subjects.”

“The average absorption of iron , 27%, was significantly less than the absorption of cobalt , 44%.”