Possible Interaction: Cobalt and Copper

“However, an interesting point was that the use of copper as a doping agent for hydrated cobalt molybdate caused an increase of MIC value in the presence of E. coli and S. aureus strains.”

“The study demonstrates the need for caution in the use of copper as a doping material in biocidal matrices, such as cobalt molybdate.”

“According to the restricted cubic spline analysis, the lowest ORs of T2D was observed at the plasma cobalt of 2.00 μg/dL. There was a significant interaction between plasma cobalt and copper (P < 0.01).”

“We found that: (1) the combination of DDC and … hemolytic and, as observed earlier, microbicidal effects; (3) cobalt, …: Cu , also prevented red cell lysis; (4) despite the necessary involvement of copper in DDC-mediated …; (5) the DDC:Cu chelate preferentially located in organic solvents and in membranes of erythrocytes.”

“Quantitatively, the toxicity of Cu was 3-fold more than Cd, 8-fold more than Pb, 14-fold more than Co or Ni and 16-fold more than Zn.”

“Of the metals tested, cobalt was unique in producing a substantial (200%) increase in urinary excretion of copper , which lasted through 72 h after a single dose (250 mumol/kg body weight); during the same time period zinc output in urine was markedly (40-50%) reduced.”

“ Cobalt elicited an increased (approximately 4-fold) urinary excretion of copper lasting through 72 h following a single cobalt dose.”

“The results showed that both … and combined treatments of Co … Cu caused a significant reduction in chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate of the two barley (Hordeum vulgare) genotypes, with the … being greater for the combined treatment and the sensitive genotype (Ea52) being more affected than the tolerant genotype (Yan66).”

“More importantly, the incorporation of copper resulted in an electronic delocalization around the cobalt species , which contributed to reach a high-valent catalytically active cobalt species and further improved the OER performance.”

“It may be suggested that interaction of Co and Cu on their uptake and movement in plants is antagonistic.”

“The combined treatment of Co and Cu alleviated the toxicity of both metals in comparison with each metal treatment alone, as reflected by improved growth and photosynthesis, and much slight oxidative stress.”

“ Co … Cu applied alone or in combination at rate of 50 μM resulted in the significant reduction of plant growth and increase of oxidative stress (ROS … enhanced, reflected by increased phytochelatin (PC) and glutathione (GSH and GSSG) content, as well as expression of the related genes (HvPCS1 and HvGR1).”

“Moreover, both single and combined treatments of Co and Cu reduced the mineral (Mn, Zn and K) uptake.”

“The results confirmed the previous findings that Co accumulation in plant tissues was reduced by Cu presence, while Cu accumulation was stimulated by Co presence.”

“The results suggest that upon … to the combined stress of Co … Cu , the greater phyto-toxicity than each element alone is associated with more Cu accumulation stimulated by Co and that, … higher regulation of transporter genes observed in Yan66 could in part explain for its higher metal tolerance ability.”