Possible Interaction: Citric Acid and Ferric Ion

“These findings demonstrate that citric acid present in human milk solubilizes the ferric iron which could be reduced by other heat labile components leading to increased uptake in intestinal cells.”

“ Citric and oxalic acid, on the other hand, inhibited Fe(II) uptake but enhanced Fe(III) uptake.”

“The superior treatment efficiency of Fenton-like compared to the conventional Fenton (74% vs 5%) under nearly neutral conditions was attributed to the chelating role of citric acid with Fe2+/Fe3+ , leading to the enhanced Fe2+/Fe3+ solubility and therefore the promotion of ∙OH formation.”

“The citric acid promoted the production of H2O2 and Fe(II)/Fe(III ) species, the degradation of protein in tightly-bound extracellular polymeric substances, and the decomposition of protein-N in the solid phase of sludge, resulting a greater conversion of bound water to free water.”

“ Ferric iron formed a bidentate complex with citric acid , [Fe(III) (OH)2 cit]2- involving two carboxylic acid groups, and was degraded at the rate of 86 μM h-1.”

“ Ferric iron formed … citric acid , [Fe(III) (OH)(2) cit] involving two carboxylic acid groups, and was degraded at the rate of 86 muM h. In contrast, … tridentate complex with citric acid, [Fe(II) cit], involving two carboxylic acid groups and the hydroxyl group, and was resistant to biodegradation.”

“In view of the formation of a mixed complex, even in the Al (III)-pyrophosphate system and … alone in Al(III)-EDTA, Ca (II)-EDTA and Ca(II)-citric acid systems, strong complexation of Al (III) … citric acid or pyrophosphate was related to the … complex with high molecular weight.”