Possible Interaction: Citicholine and Dopamine

“ Citicoline activates biosynthesis of phospholipids in neuronal membranes, increases brain metabolism as well as norepinephrine and dopamine levels in the central nervous system, and has neuroprotective effects during hypoxia and ischemia.”

“Results: In rodent retinal cultures and animal models, Citicoline induces antiapoptotic effects, increases the dopamine retinal level, and counteracts retinal nerve fibers layer thinning.”

“Thus, citicoline has been experimentally shown to increase norepinephrine and dopamine levels in the CNS.”

“Thus, it has been experimentally proven that CDP-choline increases noradrenaline and dopamine levels in the CNS.”

“ Citicoline increases dopamine synthesis and inhibits dopamine uptake.”

“ Citicoline influences acetylcholine, dopamine , and glutamate neurotransmitter systems; serves as an intermediate in phospholipid metabolism; and enhances the integrity of neuronal membranes.”

“After 24 h of culturing retinal explants with citicoline , retinal dopamine content increased significantly (from 0.42 ± 0.14 ng to 0.62 ± 0.21 ng, P < 0.05).”

“Added to a striatal synaptosomal … of rat brain, CDP-choline 10−4 M inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5 HT) in a competitive fashion and enhances the uptake of tyrosine and tryptophan; administered to animals, CDP-choline (50 mg/kg/l h/i.v.)”

“These results show that long‐term treatment with CDP‐choline increases the K+ induced release of DA and suggest, in accordance with previous research, that by providing exogenous choline and cytidine, CDP‐choline modulates dopaminergic transmission.”

“The acute intraperitoneal administration of CDP-choline to rats caused an increase in striatal dopamine (DA) synthesis, measured by DOPA accumulation after decarboxylase inhibition.”