Possible Interaction: Choline and Phospholipids

“Some authors, using rat models, found that oral administration of two phospholipid precursors such as uridine and omega-3 fatty acids, along with choline from the diet, can increase the amount of synaptic membrane generated by surviving striatal neurons in rats with induced Parkinson's disease.”

“We hypothesize that the use, by cholinergic neurons, of choline originating from the breakdown of membrane PL, may result in an impoverishment in certain PL.”

“The selective vulnerability of cholinergic neurons in certain neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer disease, motor neuron disorders) might result from the abnormally accelerated liberation of choline (to be used as precursor of AcCho) from membrane phospholipids , resulting in altered membrane composition and function and compromised neuronal viability.”

“On the other hand the administration of choline to rats on low protein diets markedly stimulates the turnover of liver phospholipides as measured by the introduction into their molecule of either radioactive phosphorus (24) or isotopic choline nitrogen (5).”

“ Choline reduced the expression of genes for FA and TAG formation (Scd1, Fas, Srebp1c, Dgat1/2), upregulated the genes for FA oxidation (Cpt1, Pparα, Pgc1α), and had minor effects on phospholipid and lipolysis genes.”

“In addition, choline was incorporated into brain phospholipids in increasing amounts within 24 h of dosing.”

“If the lungs were perfused after pretreatment of the rats with Ambroxol on three consecutive days, the incorporation of labelled choline and glycerol into pulmonary phospholipids was found to be enhanced.”

“These results show that choline plus cytidine increase both phospholipid levels, and the expression and secretion in PC12 cells.”

“ Choline feeding can affect the phospholipid composition of cell membranes and, as a consequence, the transduction of the mitogenic signals.”

“Exposure to serine alone, however, like exposure to sufficient choline , increased levels of all three membrane phospholipids significantly (p < 0.01).”

“Exposure to choline alone at a higher concentration (40 µM) increased the levels of all three membrane phospholipids (p < 0.01); the addition of cytidine, however, did not cause further increases.”