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“In addition, MTX also decreases levels of AdoMet5,6, choline and betaine6 in various rat tissues, and causes an increase in urinary wasting of endogenous folates in the rat kidney7.”
Advances in experimental medicine and biology • 1993 | View Paper
“Because choline has a lipotropic effect and because its synthesis requires methylation, an attempt was made to block the liver toxicity of methotrexate by simultaneous administration of choline.”
“ MTX increased the extent of fatty infiltration of the liver in choline deficient rats, and choline deficiency and MTX treatment damaged hepatocytes as measured by leakage of alanine aminotransferase activity.”