Possible Interaction: Choline and Manganese

“Furthermore, it was found that manganese caused a reduction in brain choline uptake and significant regional choline uptake inhibition in the frontal and parietal cortex, the hippocampus and the caudate putamen (45 ± 3%, 68 ± 18%, 58 ± 9% and 46 ± 15%, respectively).”

“ Manganese (Mn) revealed a mixed competitive-noncompetitive inhibition of the choline uptake, at Mn concentrations in the mM range.”

“Abstract: As … result of chronic manganese treatment of rats from conception onwards, a decrease was observed in the uptake of dopamine, but not of noradrenaline or serotonin, by synaptosomes isolated from hypothalamus, striatum, and midbrain and in choline uptake by hypothalamic synaptosomes obtained from 70–90‐day‐old animals.”

“The results indicate that Mn depletion decreased the overall uptake of choline ; the radioactivity of all tissues from the Mn-depleted group was lower than the radioactivity of the corresponding tissues from the group given a Mn-supplemented (normal) ration.”

“The T1 and T2 values for NAA and total creatine (tCr) (p < 0.025), along with the amounts of NAA, tCr, myo-inositol, choline , and glutamate (p < 0.0086) in the GP, were all significantly decreased after 5 days of manganese administration compared with that of the control group.”