Possible Interaction: Choline and Hemicholinium 3

“CHT1-medated choline uptake is specifically inhibited by hemicholinium-3 , which is a type of choline analog that acts as a competitive inhibitor.”

“ Choline uptake was inhibited by the choline analogue hemicholinium-3 (HC-3) and various organic cations, and was significantly decreased by acidification of the extracellular medium.”

“ Choline uptake in the cells was inhibited by unlabeled choline and hemicholinium-3 as well as various organic cations including guanidine, amiloride and acetylcholine.”

“ HC-3 inhibited choline with a KI of 10.5± 2.2 μM. Ouabain (1 mM) caused a 94% reduction in choline uptake.”

“The hCHT-specific inhibitor hemicholinium-3 HC-3 ) blocks choline uptake and choline-induced current; in addition, HC-3 alone reveals a constitutive, depolarizing leak current through hCHT.”

“In support of the role of the choline kinase product phosphocholine … of mitogenic Ca2+ effects, cotreatments with the choline kinase substrate choline (250 microM) and … kinase inhibitor hemicholinium-3 (2 mM) enhanced and inhibited, respectively, the combined stimulatory effect … Ca2+ (3.8 mM total) and zinc on DNA synthesis.”

“Endogenous choline levels as determined by microwave fixation were 22.7 +/- 1.1 nmol g-1 and were unaffected by hemicholinium; however, hemicholinium caused a significant reduction in the postmortem increase in choline.”

“ Choline uptake was inhibited by choline, acetylcholine (ACh) and the choline analog hemicholinium-3 (HC-3).”

“Five mm unlabelled choline, hemicolinium‐3 and guanidine, but not tetraethylammonium, inhibited the cellular uptake of 100 µm choline in LS180 cells.”

“ HC-3 and CTL1 siRNA inhibited choline uptake and cell viability, and increased caspase-3/7 activity.”

“Various organic cations and the choline analog hemicholinium-3 (HC-3) inhibited the choline uptake and cell viability.”