Possible Interaction: Choline and Folate

“Overall, consistent and strong associative evidence demonstrates that common genetic variants in choline and folate pathway enzymes impact the metabolic handling of choline and the risk of nutrient inadequacy across varied dietary contexts.”

“ Folate deficiency decreased levels of choline and N-methyl nicotinamine, while dietary supplementation with SAM increased methylation of nicotinamide to generate N-methyl nicotinamide and restored choline levels within brain tissue.”

“However, blood tHcy concentrations differed … PEMT genotype subgroups when choline … folate intakes were considered: respectively, 25% and 20% lower levels were observed in the C allele carriers who met their … choline or folate than in those who did not take enough these nutrients (P < 0.05 for both associations).”

“Using a multivariate linear regression model, choline correlated strongly with folate (β=17.416), AdoMet (β=61.272), and AdoHcy (β=9.215).”

“We concluded that both choline and folate significantly impact genomic stability and cell death, although effects of folate were 2.5- to 6.2-fold greater, depending on the biomarker and dose.”

“In turn, diseases linked to folate may also be linked to choline.”

“Objective: We previously demonstrated that choline and folate are interrelated and that African American women have lower folate nutriture than Caucasian and Mexican American women under conditions of controlled folate intake.”

“It is thought that the suppressive effect of folate on choline deficiency-induced hyperhomocysteinemia was due to increased metabolism of homocysteine via the MS pathway and that the suppressive effect of serine was due to increased metabolism of homocysteine via cystathionine formation.”

“ Choline and folate are interrelated in 1-carbon metabolism, mostly because of their shared function as methyl donors for homocysteine remethylation.”

“Vitamins B6, B12 and folate can enhance methylation capacity and therefore could influence choline availability not only by increasing endogenous choline synthesis but also by reducing choline utilisation.”

“ Choline and folate are metabolically interrelated, and we determined whether choline supplementation could reverse the effects of folate deficiency on brain development.”