Possible Interaction: Choline and Calcium Supplement

“ Choline uptake by transporters activates Sig-1Rs and potentiates Ca2+ signals.”

“ResultsThe presence of calcium led to a 43 % underestimation of the choline peak and the choline concentration (p = 0.0002 and 0.0036).”

“ Choline was most commonly below the RA in both canine (37/39 [94.9%]) and feline (23/28 [82.1%]) …/28 [32.1 %] feline recipes), zinc (24/39 [61.5%] canine and 19/28 [67.9%] feline recipes), and calcium (22/39 [56.4%] canine … also frequently below recommendations.”

“Extracellular release of choline was partially inhibited by removal of extracellular Ca2+ (54 +/- 9% inhibition at 10 min) or inhibition of receptor processing by phenylarsine oxide (79 +/- 8% inhibition at 20 min).”

“Steady-state uptake of choline by Lettre-Ehrlich tumor cells in vitro, resulting in cell-to-medium ratios of 10 or more, is significantly increased by 0.2-1.0 mM Ca++ as well as by dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline multilamellar liposomes + Ca++.”

“As is the case for electrical stimulation, this acceleration of Ch uptake and ACh synthesis was strongly dependent on the presence of Ca++ in the incubation medium.”

“Omission of calcium during the incubation period with depolarizing agents, or addition of a calcium antagonist, Bay a 1040, prevented the increase in choline uptake.”

“ Calcium ions strongly stimulate the incorporation of labelled choline into the phospholipids of rat-liver microsomes.”

“Monovalent cations (Na+, K+, and choline ) have no effect on enzyme activity, but high concentrations of Ca+2 are highly inhibitory.”