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“In addition, the toxicity of chlorine has been shown to be influenced differentially by cations prevelant in natural waters - sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium.”
Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology • 1979 | View Paper
“Sufficient chlorine boosted the chlorination of reactants while calcium increased the residence time, causing the emission concentration of toxic dioxins and the adding ratio were nonlinearly dependent.”