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“Besides, while ball mill resulted in nanofibers, the in situ modified-NC showed a nanocrystal shape, indicating that the surfactant alters the milling process and cellulose scale reduction.”
“The modified-NC showed lower crystallinity and crystal size than unmodified nanocelluloses due to the surfactant chains ' addition and influence during the milling process.”
“Under an optimal hydrolysis condition, the improvement by surfactant was limited, but under harsh conditions surfactant indeed could enhance cellulose conversion.”
“Pretreatments on cellulose substrate by ultrasonic irradiation and surfactant solution only slightly improved the acetylation extent by 44 and 27%, respectively.”
“It was established that cellulose materials reversibly adsorb mentioned surfactant antiseptics depending on their concentration in the initial solutions.”
“The surfactant , Tween 80, which has been reported to be of value in the production and recovery of the enzyme, cellulase, was shown to be detrimental to the degradation of cellulose in culture.”