“1% (w/w) of carboxymethylcellulose V, κ-carrageenan , alginic acid, and pectin significantly reduced PhIP formation by 53 %, 54 %, 48 %, and 47 %, respectively in chemical models.”
“1% (w/w) of κ-carrageenan caused a decreased formation of PhIP by 90 %.”
“Further mechanism study showed that κ-carrageenan addition decreased the PhIP precursor creatinine residue and reduced the content of Maillard reaction intermediates including phenylacetaldehyde and aldol condensation product in the chemical model.”
“In fried beef patties, κ-carrageenan appeared to be most capable of inhibiting PhIP formation among the eight tested hydrocolloids.”
“ κ-Carrageenan may inhibit PhIP formation via trapping both creatinine and phenylacetaldehyde.”