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“Provitamin A carotenoids (β-carotene, α-carotene, and β-cryptoxanthin) contribute to the dietary intake of vitamin A and are associated with decreased risk of many chronic diseases.”
Wei sheng yan jiu = Journal of hygiene research • 2012 | View Paper
“Laboratory data suggest that intake of vitamin A and carotenoids , may have chemopreventive benefits against melanoma, but epidemiologic studies examining the association have yielded conflicting results.”
The Journal of investigative dermatology • 2012 | View Paper
“Vitamin A toxicity has traditionally been thought of as being unlikely to result from provitamin A due to its relatively poor absorption efficiency and the fact that the conversion of carotenoids to vitamin A is highly regulated.”
“The serum concentrations of five carotenoids were significantly lower in the patients than in the controls ( vitamin A , zeaxanthin: P < 0.001; alpha-, beta-carotene: P < 0.01; lutein: P < 0.05).”
The American journal of clinical nutrition • 1996 | View Paper
“Evidence for breast cancer is more limited but protective associations with vitamin A from both carotenoid and preformed sources have been seen in several studies.”