Possible Interaction: Carnosine and Histidine

“After 8 wk, 1.8% carnosine resulted in significant fivefold increases in carnosine and twofold increases in histidine in the soleus muscle (P < or = 0.05).”

“In chickens, histidine is particularly important as a limiting factor for carnosine synthesis, which has strong anti-oxidant effects.”

“These data suggest that histidine and carnosine are potential multiple-protective agents for diabetic complications prevention or therapy.”

“In addition, some effects of carnosine are ascribed to the effects of histidine.”

“In addition, we detected protein and mRNA expression of carnosinases and a low but significant release of l-histidine in cells incubated in the presence of 50 mM carnosine (p < 0.05), which did not correlate with carnosine’s effect on viability.”

“In the cell line LN405, the competitive inhibitors β-alanyl-l-alanine (inhibits all transporters) and l-histidine (inhibitor of PHT1/2) both inhibited the uptake of carnosine.”

“The post-intake of histidine and carnosine significantly decreased MDA formations, increased GSH content, enhanced catalase and GPX activities, and suppressed CYP2E1 activity (P<0.05), in which the effects on catalase and CYP2E1 activities were dose-dependent (P<0.05).”

“ Carnosine also can inhibit the glutamate release and increase HDC activity and the intracellular and extracellular contents of carnosine, histidine and histamine detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).”

“ Histidine , a decomposed product of carnosine, increased in muscles after carnosine administration prior to the increase in kidney and liver.”

“ CAR was found to have a membrane-stabilizing effect, which reached a plateau at a final … mM. This membrane stabilizing effect was not observed with beta-ALA or L-histidine ( HIS ) alone at a final concentration of 5 mM, and … enzyme was only slightly inhibited by HIS + beta-ALA.”