Possible Interaction: Carnitine and Palmitate

“In isolated rat hearts, administration of carnitine increases the oxidation of glucose while decreasing the oxidation of palmitate.”

“Palmitoylcarnitine can influence directly the activity of protein kinase C. An involvement of carnitine in a decrease of palmitate pool used for palmitoylation of regulatory proteins has been postulated.”

“ Carnitine , which is important for the transport of long‐chain fatty acids into mitochondria for oxidation, also stimulated the oxidation of palmitate.”

“ Carnitine stimulated oxidation of labeled palmitate by cultured muscle cells from rat, normal humans, or patients with muscle carnitine deficiency.”

“ Carnitine increased oxidation of palmitate to CO2 and acid-soluble products (ASP; mainly ketone bodies) and decreased esterification of palmitate in isolated hepatocytes from both groups of wethers, but the increase in oxidation to ASP was greater in cells from phlorizin-treated wethers.”

“In skeletal muscle (diaphragm), carnitine supplementation was associated with significantly higher palmitate oxidation and a more favorable complete to incomplete oxidation products ratio.”

“In general, carnitine supplementation increased in vitro palmitate beta-oxidation by liver slices, with MC and HC treatments affecting in vitro palmitate metabolism more potently than did LC.”

“ Carnitine infusion stimulated in vitro oxidation of [1-(14)C] palmitate to acid-soluble products and decreased the proportion of [1-(14)C] palmitate that was converted to esterified products by liver slices.”

“For hepatocytes, carnitine but not betaine enhanced palmitate oxidation.”

“ Carnitine co-incubation with palmitate significantly (P < 0.01) increased the amount of apoptotic cells, assessed by propidium iodine staining and fluorescent-activated cell sorting analysis compared with treatment with either palmitate or carnitine alone.”