“Electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that pretreatment with picroliv abrogated … necrosis factor (TNF)-induced activation of NF-kappaB. The glycoside also inhibited NF-kappaB activated by carcinogenic and inflammatory agents, such as cigarette smoke condensate, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, okadaic acid, hydrogen peroxide , lipopolysaccharide, and epidermal growth factor.”