Possible Interaction: Carbachol and Epinephrine

“RESULTS Ca bachol in creased plgR mRNA levels significantly in all cells but adr enaline di d so only with PAR cells (P<0.05).”

“The mid region, near the motor end plate, had much larger alterations than the more … membrane depolarization from −73 ± 1 to −60 ± 1 mV compared with −64 ± 1 mV. Carbacholine (10−4m) significantly reduced tetanic force to 31 ± … of Na+–K+ pump stimulators: salbutamol (10−5m), adrenaline (10−…−7m).”

“4.8 μg/kg of carbamylcholine administered together with 40 μg/kg of adrenaline , prevented pulmonary edema.”

“When carbachol and epinephrine were present simultaneously (with GTP gamma S), the increase in PIP2 hydrolysis obtained was not significantly different from the sum of the increases in PIP2 hydrolysis obtained with each agonist alone.”

“ Carbachol , which activates both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors, produces 12–19-fold increases in PNMT mRNA and a 22-fold increase in epinephrine release.”

“Contraction of myocytes, stimulated by adrenaline was totally inhibited by 10(-4)M of carbachol in control cells and 5 x 10(-6)M of carbachol in cells with chemically-induced hypoxia.”

“When changes in Ca2+i due solely to Ca2+ influx were measured, carbachol and epinephrine together increased Ca2+i during the steady-state phase to 149 +/- 31% of that measured with carbachol alone (n = 8, p < 0.05).”

“ Adrenaline per se had no effect in control preparations, but reduced carbachol induced contraction.”

“Maximal stimulation of inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate (IP3) production by epinephrine and carbachol in rat parotid cell aggregates is additive when the two agents are employed simultaneously.”

“… carbachol resulted in a maximal increase of … 5.8 +/- 1.3 microM. Adrenaline caused a rise of 380 +/- 22 nM in Cai2+ with a ks of 0.5 +/- 0.2 microM. … in Cai2+ with dissociation constants (kI) of 105 and 1.25 nM, respectively, in the absence of agonist.”