“Nomura 1976, 1978, …-treatment with caffeine suppressed lung tumorigenesis induced in … nitroquinoline-l-oxide (4NQO) or urethane , supporting the hypothesis of Kondo (1971, 1977) that caffeine may suppress 4NQOinduced carcinogenesis in mice in … to the diminution of 4NQO-induced mutagenesis in Escherichia coli by inhibition of misrepair in DNA.”