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“Ephedrine produced a significant BPM dose response from 0.5 to 5.0 µM. Caffeine increased BPM only at a toxic level of 250 µM. Adding caffeine to PEA or higenamine but not ephedrine further increased BPM.”
Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association • 2015 | View Paper
“These data clearly indicate that certain "legal" stimulants mimic the amphetamine cue and suggest that caffeine may interact additively with phenylethylamines to produce the cue.”