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“Although baseline serum creatinine did not … by caffeine exposure, patients receiving caffeine had … peak creatinine (median 1.0 mg/dl vs. 1.5 mg/dl; p = 0.008) and absolute creatinine change (… 0.42 mg/dl vs. 0.68 mg/dl; p = 0.003) than those who did not.”
“Total urine output of water, calcium, magnesium, sodium, chloride, potassium and creatinine increased in the two hours following caffeine ingestion when compared to the control beverage.”
“Urine flow rate (+63 +/- 57%), water output/input ratio (+49 +/- 54%) and creatinine clearance (+79 +/- 102%) increased significantly after the administration of caffeine.”