Possible Interaction: Betaine and Sarcosine

“ Betaine also significantly increased sarcosine from its pre-treatment level on average 19-fold in remethylation disorders and 3-fold in CBS deficiency, with sarcosine > 5 μmol/L being 97% sensitive and 95% specific for betaine therapy.”

“Accumulation of sarcosine and betaine was about 0.5 mM/5 min, which indicates a low activity for the imino acid-glycine pathway.”

“Although the interactions between certain structural motifs in sarcosine and betaine weaken as a result of phase transitions induced by pressure, the same interactions strengthen when volume reduction results from cooling.”

“Similarly, addition of proline, glycine or sarcosine also gave a significant reduction in the initial rate of glycine betaine uptake.”

“Carnitine, dimethylglycine, and γ-butyrobetaine appear to inhibit the ATP-dependent transporter, while trigonelline and triethylglycine primarily inhibit glycine betaine porter I. Triethylglycine was also able to retard the growth of osmotically stressed L. monocytogenes grown in the presence of glycine betaine.”

“In strain DP-L1044, which had OpuC and the two glycine betaine porters Gbu and BetL, triethylglycine was most effective in inhibiting growth in the presence of glycine betaine , but trigonelline was best at inhibiting growth in the presence of carnitine.”