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“Oral administration of betaine (250 mg/kg body weight/day for a period of 30 days) significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the isoprenaline-induced abnormalities noted in the levels of sodium, potassium , and calcium in plasma and heart tissue.”
The American journal of physiology • 1994 | View Paper
“The uncoupler carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), and the respiratory inhibitor potassium cyanide strongly inhibited glycine betaine uptake , but arsenate was totally inactive.”