Possible Interaction: Betaine and Glucose

“The information generated thus far shows that GB regulates enzymes involved in the homocysteine/methionine cycle, sucrose, glucose , fructose and glycogen metabolism, in oxidative and ER-stress caused by ethanol abuse, likewise enzymes involved in lipogenesis and fatty oxidation.”

“These results suggest the observed synergism is mediated by the osmoprotective effects of glycine betaine and the inhibitory effect of sodium chloride or glucose against the aminoglycoside.”

“When glucose was used to increase medium osmolality, all of the four osmolytes were increased by hypertonicity (myo-inositol > sorbitol > GPC > betaine).”

“This may underlie the fall in TmG and may explain the precipitous fall in TmG when the transport mechanism for glucose was operating at maximum capacity for a prolonged period of time.”

“The additional glycine betaine not only decreased the browning intensity (decreased 4 times), and the concentrations of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (decreased 7.8 times) and furfural (decreased 12 times), but also increased the availability of glucose (increased 17.5%) for L-lysine production.”

“When a phosphotransferase system sugar glucose , mannose, 2-deoxyglucose, or lactose) was added to the medium simultaneously with TMG , the beta-galactoside was excluded from the cells.”