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“Thus, in the presence of high amounts of beta-carotene , there is a preferential uptake of the xanthophylls lutein and zeaxanthin as compared to all-trans beta-carotene from the intestinal lumen into chylomicrons.”
International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition • 1996 | View Paper
“These xanthophylls may play a role with beta-carotene in smoking-related cancer prevention.”