“ Petunidin also suppressed PDGF-BB-induced ex vivo rat aortic sprouting and in vivo rat neointima formation.”
“… petunidin … PDGF-BB-induced phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) at the low concentration of 5 µM, whereas phosphorylation of Src, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and Akt … vitro and ex vivo FAK activity assays demonstrated that petunidin directly suppresses FAK activity by binding in an ATP non-competitive manner.”