“Expression of the CD11b cell surface marker and C/EBPɛ was increased when the cells were treated for 4 days with 0.3 μM AF and a physiological concentration of all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA, 5 nM).”
“These findings suggest not only that AF induces caspase‐3‐dependent apoptosis via a mechanism involving ROS, but also that the combined treatment with AF and ATRA induces differentiation of NB4 cells.”
“Treatment with AF in combination with ATRA markedly increased the number of cells with differentiated features, such as lobed or multiple nuclei and numerous granules and vacuoles.”