Possible Interaction: Arginine and Heparin

“RESULTS Compared with unmodified plasma, he arin si gnificantly prolonged R a n d essentially reduced MTG and MG to the limits of detection in an activity-dependent fashion.”

“In contrast, arginine 475, which also strongly reduces heparin binding as well as viral infectivity upon mutation to alanine, is located inside the capsid structure at the border of adjacent VP subunits and most likely influences heparin binding indirectly by disturbing correct subunit assembly.”

“The arginine and lysine residues in the cluster of basic amino acid residues (residues 210-215), the RK-cluster, are of critical importance for the binding to heparin , and arginine residues promote stronger interactions than lysine residues.”

“A previous report showed that both lysine and arginine residues probably at the C-terminal end, contribute to heparin binding.”

“The high-affinity binding of arginine peptides to heparin was shown to be driven by large favorable enthalpy contributions, possibly reflecting multidentate hydrogen bondings of arginine residues with sulfate groups of heparin.”

“Analysis of several enteroviruses of the same species as CAV9, Human enterovirus B (HEV-B), identified examples from 5 types in which blocking of infection by heparin was coincident with an arginine (or another basic amino acid, lysine) at a position corresponding to 132 in VP1 in CAV9.”

“On the basis of suggested clinical efficacy in an uncontrolled study in ninety-seven patients with unstable angina, an animal study was conducted to investigate antithrombotic synergy between orally administered heparin and arginine.”

“Oral heparin, arginine, and heparin plus arginine reduced thrombus formation by 50%, 75%, and 90%, respectively, when compared to saline administration.”

“These findings suggest the endothelial localization of heparin and a synergistic antithrombotic effect for orally administered heparin and arginine.”

“Site-directed mutagenesis of adjacent arginines within this sequence to uncharged residues reduced heparin binding by 98%, identifying these positively charged amino acids as essential for the interaction.”

“The group capacitated with 1 mM L-arg + heparin for 30 min increased the blastocyst rate compared to Control IVF (53.7 vs. 40.8%, P<0.05).”

“Treatment with 1 mM L-arg + heparin increased the percentage of capacitated sperm when compared to Control 0 hour and the treatment with heparin (61.1 vs. 18.2 and 47.0%, respectively, P<0.05).”