Possible Interaction: Antioxidants and Chloroquine

“The activation of autophagy was found to reduce ROS generation within the induced-neural cells, and the inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine suppressed the expression of antioxidant genes , CATALASE, SOD, and GPX.”

“ Chloroquine and nocodazole increased the duration of antioxidant protection by decreasing the extent of anti-ICAM/catalase degradation.”

“ Antioxidants significantly decreased the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species directly induced by compound 48/80 and chloroquine in the cultured dorsal root ganglia-derived cell line ND7-23.”

“The levels of non-enzymic antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E and reduced glutathione) and enzymic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) were also decreased in CQ treated rats.”

“Lowering of antioxidant enzymes activities in the liver by CHQ could render the organ more susceptible to subsequent oxidative stress; while increased MDA production after CHQ treatment in the kidney indicate that the organ is being subjected to oxidative stress.”

“Taken together, these … that high‐dose chloroquine , in addition to its effect on …‐lysosome pathway, significantly impairs mitochondrial antioxidant buffering capacity and accentuates oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in PO hypertrophy; highlighting, the cautious … of this drug in high oxidative stress conditions, such as pathological hypertrophy or heart failure.”