Possible Interaction: Antioxidants and Astaxanthin

“ ASX cooperatively and synergistically interacts with other antioxidants such as α-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and glutathione located in the lipophilic hydrophobic compartments of fish tissue.”

“Furthermore, we observed ERK phosphorylation, nuclear translocation of Nrf-2, and activation of antioxidant response element-driven luciferase activity upon astaxanthin treatment.”

“Moreover, we for the first time have revealed the ATX increased antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in concentration-dependent and time-dependent manners, which were correlated with its protective effect against Aβ(25-35)-induced injury.”

“These results demonstrate that ASX could inhibit LPO formation and enhance the antioxidant enzyme status in GFBS/iron chelate‐exposed endothelial cells by suppressing ROS generation, thereby limiting the effects of the AGE–RAGE interaction.”

“The results demonstrate that dietary ASTA improves free radical scavenging ability and antioxidant enzyme activity, which may be related in part to the upregulated mRNA expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes and NRF2.”

“In conclusion, AX likely enhances the brain's antioxidant defenses through these potential metabolic means, enabling the brain to resist mitochondrial dysfunction, improve neuronal damage, and protect the electron transmission of mitochondrial respiratory chain, thus preventing brain aging.”

“These results suggested that dietary astaxanthin supplementation in HFD improved the growth performance, antioxidant ability and immune response of largemouth bass.”

“In conclusion, these results suggest that dietary ASTA enhances the antioxidant capacity and regulates lipid metabolism in laying hens.”

“Biomarker responses were generally altered in both tissues through the 4 and 8 weeks suggesting that different time-dependent mechanisms led to enhanced antioxidant defense in Ax and/or Cx-fed trout.”

“Our findings indicate that high-dose administration of astaxanthin can blunt antioxidant enzyme activity and downregulate transcription of Nrf2 and Nrf2-dependent enzymes along with attenuating plasma and muscle MDA.”