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“In addition, the expression level of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) and antioxidant mediators (Nrf-2 and HO-1) was enhanced by arbutin treatment.”
“Studies on the antioxidant properties of arbutin are emerging, and these antioxidant properties are proposed to contribute to the skin depigmenting action of arbutin.”
“In addition, arbutin decreased the activity of endogenous antioxidants , reduced the levels of dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, homovanillic acid, and γ-aminobutyric acid, and minimized neurodegeneration in the striatum.”
“The same study using bearberry leaves showed that constituents of the plant matrix may act as antioxidants , reducing the oxidative degradation of arbutin , however acid hydrolysis of arbutin occurred in higher intensity.”