Possible Interaction: Antimony and Glutathione

“This precludes the formation, at short term, of complexes between arsenic or antimony with GSH.”

“ GSH (4 mM) prevented the effect of SB (p < .001) and formaldehyde (p < .05) on the bradykinin-induced calcium increase.”

“ SB decreased both the intracellular GSH (0.22 +/- 0.06 vs. 2.23 +/- 0.32 mumol/g protein, SB vs. control, p < .001) and protein-thiol levels (4.98 +/- 0.54 vs. 7.31 +/- 0.97 microEqu GSH/g protein, SB vs. control, p < .05) in the endothelial cells.”

“At 1 mM ATP, 0.2 mM Sb was required for 50% inhibition (IC50) of PFK but … required for the same inhibition when the concentration of ATP was reduced to 0.2 mM. Glutathione (2–10 mM) and … the enzyme from the Sb effect, with the … low antimony concentrations.”

“Administration of antimony , but not bismuth, decreased hepatic GSH level by 30% and reduced the GSH conjugation and biliary excretion of BSP.”

“However, at the peak of their excretion, each molecule of antimony or bismuth resulted in a co-transport of approximately three molecules of GSH.”

“Additionally, antimony significantly increased reactive oxygen species levels and significantly reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity.”

“All these effects appear to be related to the ability of the Sb to form complexes with thiol groups, including GSH , altering both redox homeostasis and the levels of auxin in the roots and the quiescent center.”

“ Antimony binds to biomolecules, such as glutathione , trypanothione, and nucleotides, and forms binary and ternary complexes, which may allow it to be trafficked in cells.”