“Key pointsConfirm that local anesthetics, specifically bupivacaine and lidocaine, are toxic to chondrocytes in monolayerChondrocyte viability significantly improved for chondrocytes …°C.Chondrocyte viability significantly improved for chondrocytes treated with bupivacaine or lidocaine when the environment was cooled to 4 CIt is the recommendation of … risks of injecting local anesthetics ….”