Possible Interaction: Amphetamine and Melatonin

“Diurnal synthesis and release of the pineal hormone melatonin influence the DTD behavioral actions of cocaine and amphetamines.”

“ Melatonin attenuated the reduction in the expression of hippocampal synaptophysin, PSD‐95, α‐synuclein, and N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor protein and mRNA caused by AMPH.”

“As determined using Western blot, the level of α‐syn was significantly increased in … nigra, dorsal striatum, nucleus accumbens, and prefrontal cortex of the AMPH‐treated group, while melatonin treatment … to AMPH or alone decreased the accumulation of the protein to …%, 78%, and 77% of the control value, respectively.”

“This study tested whether melatonin can attenuate the effect of AMPH on the expression of α‐syn in the dopaminergic pathway of the neonatal rat.”

“Furthermore, we identified a role of (10mg/kg) melatonin , a methoxyindole released from the pineal gland, in attenuating the detrimental effects of amphetamine on dopaminergic neurons.”

“Pretreatment with either S-methylisothiourea (S-MT), a selective iNOS inhibitor, or melatonin , a major secretory product of pineal gland, counteracted the over expression of iNOS induced by AMPH in a concentration-dependent manner.”

“In previous reports, melatonin MEL ), when administered with other amphetamine analogs, altered the decline in serotonin content produced by these analogs.”

“In young rats, under the effects of amphetamine, melatonin produced an inhibition of dopamine release and a significant increase in glutamate and aspartate release.”

“The deleterious effects of amphetamine exposure were diminished in rats by pretreatment with melatonin.”